A 1 GHz Bandwidth Low-Pass $\Delta \Sigma$ ADC With 20–50 GHz Adjustable Sampling Rate
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A low-pass continuous-time delta-sigma data converter with adjustable sampling rate from 20-50 GS/s has been demonstrated in a production 165 GHz-f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process. The ADC exploits the high transistor f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of modern silicon technologies to achieve an ENOB of 7 bits over a 500 MHz passband and 6 bits over a 1 GHz passband while consuming 350 mW from a 2.5 V supply (650 mW including on chip clock distribution and output driver); marking the first delta-sigma ADC to reach a bandwidth of 1 GHz. At the system-level, the analysis of a detailed behavioral model brought to light the high dependency of modulator performance on metastability. An analytical expression linking quantizer gain and number of bits to performance was therefore derived and used to estimate the theoretical limitations imposed by metastability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it