Prediction of Operating Speed on Three-Dimensional Highway Alignments
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Achieving consistent geometric design is an important goal in highway design to ensure obtaining safe, economical, and smooth traffic operation. Existing operating speed models for design consistency in North America and Europe are mainly based on two-dimensional (2D) analysis of highway horizontal alignments. This paper develops operating speed models for two-lane rural highways that account for the three-dimensional (3D) nature of highways. The models will help highway designers to predict operating speed and evaluate design consistency more accurately, and thus aid highway safety. Two types of 3D combinations were considered: a horizontal curve combined with a sag vertical curve and a horizontal curve combined with a crest vertical curve. Regression analysis was used to develop the operating speed models based on data collected on Highway 61 and Highway 102 in Ontario. The results show that there is a significant difference between the predicted operating speed using the 2D and 3D models. Therefore, it is recommended that the developed 3D models be used in highway consistency analysis and evaluation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it