Anatomical distribution of <sup>3</sup>He apparent diffusion coefficients in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the anatomical distribution of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) using hyperpolarized helium-3 (3He) MRI in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hyperpolarized 3He MRI was performed in eight healthy and seven COPD subjects under breathhold conditions in the supine position to determine ADC values from diffusion-weighted images and evaluate anterior-posterior (AP) and superior-inferior (SI) differences. RESULTS: ADC differences between anterior and posterior slices, DeltaAP, was 0.06 +/-0.01 cm2/second for healthy volunteers and 0.04 +/-0.02 cm2/second for COPD subjects and was significant for each subject (P < 0.01). The AP ADC gradient was -3.98 x 10(-3) +/-0.59 cm2/second/cm for healthy volunteers and -2.04 x 10(-3) +/-0.89 cm2/second/cm for COPD subjects. The difference in ADC between superior and inferior regions of interest (ROIs), DeltaSI, was 0.02 +/-0.02 cm2/second for healthy volunteers and 0.10 +/-0.09 cm2/second for COPD subjects, which was significant for each subject (P < 0.05). The SI ADC gradient was -0.63 x 10(-3) +/-2.23 cm2/second/cm for healthy volunteers and -6.61 x 10(-3) +/-6.68 cm2/second/cm for COPD subjects. DeltaAP, AP-gradient, and SI-gradient were significantly different between healthy volunteers and COPD subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In all subjects, ADC anatomical differences were significant and mean ADC was dependent on anatomic location and disease status.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it