Orthotic functional electrical stimulation following botulinum toxin for a young adult with severe hand impairment due to childhood stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This case report describes the outcomes of a task-specific training protocol using functional electrical stimulation for a young adult with severe hand impairment from a childhood stroke who had a history of tendon transfer and a recent botulinum toxin injection. A 22-year-old female who had a hemorrhagic stroke at age 5, a tendon transfer at 18, and a botulinum toxin injection 6 weeks before study entry, participated in a home- and clinic-based task-specific training program using a functional electrical stimulation orthosis. Training was 30-90 minutes per day, 4 days per week, for 4 weeks. Stroke-specific outcomes were measured before and after intervention. Increases occurred in the following scores: Action Research Arm Test, Stroke Impact Scale Hand Function Domain, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. A task-specific training protocol using orthotic functional electrical stimulation appears to have increased hand function and quality of life for an adult with chronic, childhood-onset stroke. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation for such an individual.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".