TH1/TH2,3 Imbalance due to Cytokine‐Producing NK, γδ T and NK‐γδ T Cells in Murine Pregnancy Decidua in Success or Failure of Pregnancy
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PROBLEM: Recurrent spontaneous abortion in DBA/2-mated CBA/J mice has been attributed to the production of Th1 cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha and interferon [IFN]-gamma) by asialoGM1+ natural killer (NK) cells and Vgamma1.1delta6.3+ T cells that infiltrate decidua by day 6.5, during the peri-implantation period. Abortions can be prevented by a second population of Vgamma1.1delta6.3 cells, which infiltrate on day 8.5 of gestation, and produce the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and Th3 cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2. In low abortion rate immunocompetent mice, most of the TGF-beta2 is derived from gammadelta T cells. However, TGF-beta2-producing cells are present in the decidua of pregnant severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice, which lack gammadelta T cells. METHODS: The cells in day 13.5 decidua of CBA x DBA/2 matings and SCID x SCID matings were identified using flow cytometry and combined surface staining for gammadelta and/or asialoGM1, and intracellular cytokine staining for TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta2,3. RESULTS: TGF-beta2 and TNF-alpha were found in asialoGM1+ NK cells in SCID mouse decidua. In CBA x DBA/2 mated mice, two major and one minor subsets of cytokine-positive cells were identified: -gammadelta-only T cells, double positive asialoGM1+ gammadelta+ (NK-gammadelta T) cells, and a small number of asialoGM1 +gammadelta- NK-only cells. The NK-only and NK-gammadelta T subsets showed a greater Th1/Th2,3 pattern of intracellular staining compared with the gammadelta-only subset. In the CBA x DBA/2 and SCID x SCID systems, Th1/Th2,3 ratios could not predict actual observed abortion rates but did correlate with susceptibility to abortions (if exposed to an additional stimulus such as stress). The known effect of in vivo administration of anti-asialoGM1 antibody on abortion rates within groups of mice exposed to such stresses could also be predicted. CONCLUSION: gammadelta+ cells in decidua (e.g. Vgamma1+ cells which can recognize trophoblasts) differ based on the presence or absence of the NK marker-asialo-GM1. NK-gammadelta T cells may be quite important in the Th1 response in early pregnancy that predisposes to abortions in CBA x DBA/2 matings, whereas gammadelta T-only cells appear to be protective. In pregnant SCID mice, the TNF-alpha+/TGF-beta2+ NK population is greatly expanded. An activating stimulus (such as stress or endotoxin) appears to be as important in triggering abortions, as is the Th1/Th2,3 ratio at the feto maternal interface.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it