Vascular Responses to α <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptors in Small Rat Mesenteric Arteries Depend on Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Agonists of G-protein-coupled receptors (eg, adrenoceptors and angiotensin receptors) signal, at least in part, through matrix metalloproteinases (such as matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-7) that transactivate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Focusing on adrenoceptors, we examined whether the MMP-dependent signaling pathway depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS AND RESULTS: In isolated rat mesenteric arteries, selective stimulation of alpha1-adrenoceptors with phenylephrine induced MMP transactivation of the EGFR, mitochondrial ROS production (detected by MitoTrackerRed-CM-H2XRos-fluorescence and dihydroethidium-fluorescence and high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]/MS assay) and vasoconstriction. Inhibition of the synthesis of either MMP-7 or EGFR with anti-sense or siRNA oligonucleotides, respectively, decreased mitochondrial ROS production in response to phenylephrine. Targeted mitochondrial ROS scavenging with MitoTrackerRed-CM-H2XRos inhibited adrenergic vasoconstriction. Adrenoceptor-induced ROS increased mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim), which was prevented by blockers of MMPs (GM6001, doxycycline), EGFR (AG1478), or complex I, all of which also prevented ROS production as well as vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: Production of mitochondrial ROS is a new event in the pathway by which vasoactive agonists that induce MMP transactivation of the EGFR modulate vascular tone. Moreover, our findings suggest a connection between agonist-induced activity of MMPs, the promotion of oxidative stress, enhanced vascular tone, and hypertrophy, which are all implicated in the development and progression of vascular disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".