The Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II on the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor System in Human Extravillous Cytotrophoblasts<i>in Vitro</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The regulated expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is believed to modulate the invasive capacity of human trophoblastic cells in vitro and in vivo. To date, the factors capable of regulating the expression of uPA and PAI-1 in these cells remain poorly characterized. In these studies, we have examined the ability of the classical mammalian GnRH I and the second form of GnRH (GnRH II) to regulate uPA and PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression levels in primary cultures of human extravillous cytotrophoblasts using quantitative competitive PCR and ELISA, respectively. Both GnRH I and II increased uPA and concomitantly decreased PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression levels in our extravillous cytotrophoblast cultures in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cetrorelix, a peptide GnRH antagonist specific for the GnRH I receptor, was capable of inhibiting the regulatory effects of GnRH I, but not GnRH II on uPA and PAI-1 expression levels in primary cell cultures. Taken together, these observations suggest that GnRH I and GnRH II may facilitate trophoblast invasion by increasing the ratio of uPA/PAI-1 expression via interactions with two distinct GnRH receptors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".