Genetic characterization of strains named as <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>dieffenbachiae</i> leads to a taxonomic revision of the <i>X. axonopodis</i> species complex
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (Xad) is the causal agent of anthurium bacterial blight and listed as an A2 quarantine organism by EPPO. However, the name Xad covers a variety of strains. Here, 25 Xad strains and 88 phylogenetically related strains, including Xanthomonas type strains and representatives of other pathovars, were examined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Multilocus sequence analysis of seven genes showed that strains isolated from Dieffenbachia , Philodendron and Anthurium cluster into three phylogenetic groups (PG I, II and III), while the type strain of X. axonopodis clustered into a fourth group (PG IV). PG I included the type strains of X. citri subsp. citri , X. citri subsp. malvacearum , X. fuscans subsp. fuscans and X. fuscans subsp. aurantifolii . PG II included the type strains of X. euvesicatoria , X. perforans , X. alfalfae subsp. alfalfae and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis . PG III included the type strains of X. phaseoli . Each PG was shown to represent a single species, based on average nucleotide identity values, DNA–DNA hybridization data and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, strains named as Xad belong to PG I, PG II and PG III, and not to X. axonopodis (PG IV). Taxonomic proposals are made: emendations of the descriptions of X. citri , X. phaseoli and X. axonopodis , to encompass the strains of PG I, PG III and PG IV, respectively; and reclassification of X. perforans and X. alfalfae as X. euvesicatoria and emendation of the description of X. euvesicatoria to encompass all strains of PG II.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it