Effects of organic matter on the rate of potassium adsorption by soils
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil organic constituents may strongly affect the kinetics of soil chemical processes, including K exchange reactions. We investigated the influence of organic matter on the rate of K adsorption by selected soils (Ferric Ultisol, Orthic Ultisol and Vertisol) using a H 2 O 2 treatment and a K ion-selective electrode technique. In the reaction period of 0–30 s, in which the adsorption was too fast for one to determine rate coefficients of K adsorption, the amount of K adsorbed by the untreated soils was 158–363 mg kg –1 , compared with 0.5–47 mg kg –1 for the treated soils. In the reaction period of 30–120 s, K adsorption data based on the first-order kinetics show that rate coefficients of K adsorption by the untreated soils were 47 × 10 –5 s –1 (Ferric Ultisol), 59 × 10 –5 s –1 (Orthic Ultisol) and 61 × 10 –5 s –1 (Vertisol); by contrast, after H 2 O 2 treatment, the rate coefficients were 23 × 10 –5 s –1 (Ferric Ultisol), 17 × 10 –5 s –1 (Orthic Ultisol) and 42 × 10 –5 s –1 (Vertisol). Similar treatment effects were observed for the reaction period of 120–600 s, though the difference in the rate coefficients between the treatments was not as great as that for the reaction period of 30–120 s. These results indicate that organic matter considerably promotes the initial fast rate of K adsorption and has more easily accessible adsorption sites for K compared with mineral constituents of the soils. Key words: Organic matter, kinetics, potassium adsorption, adsorption site, accessibility
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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