Effect of organics of low solubility on the growth rate of cloud droplets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Organic aerosols represent an important fraction of the fine particle aerosol, yet little is known about the role that these particles play in the indirect effect of aerosols on climate. The growth rates of organic acid particles due to the condensation of water were measured in a cloud condensation nucleus chamber. Delays in the cloud activation of organic acid particles were observed relative to ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4. The inclusion of particle dissolution with time according to its water solubility in a kinetic model of condensational growth of droplets was able to reasonably reproduce the observed delays, indicating that the delays in the growth of the organic acid particles were mainly due to their lower solubilities. Applying the results in an adiabatic simulation of cloud droplet nucleation, the number of cloud droplets nucleated on particles with solubility equivalent to adipic acid were reduced relative to those nucleated on (NH4)2SO4 by up to 85%. The relative solubility of organic species must be considered when simulating the indirect effect of organic aerosol particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".