A singularities avoidance method for the trajectory planning of redundant and nonredundant robot manipulators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a singularities avoidance method suitable for the trajectory planning of redundant and nonredundant robot manipulators is presented. This method is based on establishing proper bounds for the rate of change of the Jacobian matrix of the transformation between the joints speed and end effector Cartesian speed These bounds are computationally inexpensive and easy to deal with by their conversion into additional constraints for any optimization problem which may be formulated to obtain the local or global optimal control of the robot manipulator. Here, this approach is exemplified for the trajectory planning problem of a particular type of redundant and nonredundant robot manipulators studied under an optimal control problem formulation. For each case, this problem is treated as a minimum energy problem with given kinematics and dynamics and subject to the robot requirements, tasks, and the additional singularities avoidance constraints; resulting in a state constrained continuous optimal control which is solved numerically.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".