Sexual size dimorphism of walleye (<i>Stizostedion vitreum vitreum</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) is achieved by females having higher growth rates than males before and after maturation, resulting in females with greater asymptotic sizes. Mercury (Hg) concentrations in epaxial muscle by age and weight for 31 populations of walleye were used to evaluate the relative importance of differences in consumption and activity in generating sexual size dimorphism. Growth efficiency by sex, age, and maturity is estimated by a ratio of annual increments in weight (g) to annual increments of Hg (mg), using the pooled changes in weight and Hg loadings of males and females from all lakes. The higher growth rates of females arise from greater consumption and higher growth efficiency. Growth efficiency of both sexes is similar before maturity, but the growth efficiency of mature males is substantially lower than that of either immature males or mature females. We propose that the inferior growth efficiency of males is a function of the greater activity of males, particularly during the spawning season when scramble competition for fertilization is likely to produce substantial increases in male fitness as a result of increased efforts to find and spawn with females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".