Disinfecting potato tubers using steam treatments
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In laboratory and packing house experiments, treatment of potato tubers with steam or organic mercury reduced the incidence of the seed-borne pathogens Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Bergey et al. and Helminthosporium solani (Dur. & Mont.), and the seed- and soil-borne pathogens Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter), Spongospora subterranae (Waller), Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn), and Colletotrichum coccodes (Waller) in tubers. The incidence of pathogens in tubers following these treatments was 1–3% compared with 26–59% in the nontreated controls. Similar results were obtained in a commercial packing house in Israel when stream treatments were applied to tubers using a nozzle system that was fitted to a conveyor belt and attached to a diesel-powered steamer. The presence of seed-borne pathogens in the daughter tubers 120 days postplanting of steam or organic mercury treated tubers was 3–4% compared with 26–31% in the nontreated controls. The treatments were slightly more effective against pathogens that were exclusively seed-borne compared with those that were both seed- and soil-borne. The presence of pathogens that were both seed- and soil-borne in the daughter tubers following these treatments was 4–9% compared with 20–44% in the nontreated control. Neither steam nor organic mercury treatments had any adverse effects on tuber viability and on plant vigor, foliage, or mass, nor on viability or yield of daughter tubers 120 days postplanting in the field, compared with the nontreated control. These results demonstrate that steam treatment can be an efficient method for disinfecting potato tubers, easily applied in packing houses to large volumes. Keywords: potato seeds Solanum tuberosum steamdisinfectingplant pathogens
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it