Optimization of perforation drilling for mitigating punch-through in multi-layered clays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
“Spudcan” foundations for mobile drilling rigs continue to exhibit a high failure rate in the offshore oil and gas industry. The more frequent use of larger jack-ups in highly stratified regions, such as the Sunda Shelf in Southeast Asia, contributes to this concerning increase in “punch-through” incidents, which can lead to buckling of a leg or even toppling of the rig. An industry practice known as “perforation drilling” is sometimes used to mitigate the punch-through risk in layered clays, extracting soil from the upper strong layer before the jack-up is installed. This paper reports results from centrifuge model tests exploring the efficiency of perforation drilling. The soil conditions tested simulate offshore strength profiles that have reported punch-through failures. An experimental method for “drilling” sites in an enhanced gravity centrifuge environment was developed and the installation responses of model spudcan foundations penetrating through multi-layered clays with interbedded stiff layers were recorded. The experimental results show that the removal of soil inside the spudcan perimeter, with an area of 9% perforated, eliminated rapid leg run and severe punch-through on the two- and four-layer seabed profiles tested. This confirms the effectiveness of perforation drilling and indicates how the offshore drilling plan may be optimized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".