TESTING THEORIES OF GRAVITATION USING 21-YEAR TIMING OF PULSAR BINARY J1713+0747
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report 21-year timing of one of the most precise pulsars: PSR J1713+0747. Its pulse times of arrival are well modeled by a comprehensive pulsar binary model including its three-dimensional orbit and a noise model that incorporates short- and long-timescale correlated noise such as jitter and red noise. Its timing residuals have weighted root mean square ∼92 ns. The new data set allows us to update and improve previous measurements of the system properties, including the masses of the neutron star (1.31 ± 0.11 M ⊙ ) and the companion white dwarf (0.286 ± 0.012 M ⊙ ) as well as their parallax distance 1.15 ± 0.03 kpc. We measured the intrinsic change in orbital period, , is −0.20 ± 0.17 ps s −1 , which is not distinguishable from zero. This result, combined with the measured of other pulsars, can place a generic limit on potential changes in the gravitational constant G . We found that is consistent with zero [(−0.6 ± 1.1) × 10 −12 yr −1 , 95% confidence] and changes at least a factor of 31 (99.7% confidence) more slowly than the average expansion rate of the universe. This is the best limit from pulsar binary systems. The of pulsar binaries can also place limits on the putative coupling constant for dipole gravitational radiation (95% confidence). Finally, the nearly circular orbit of this pulsar binary allows us to constrain statistically the strong-field post-Newtonian parameters Δ, which describes the violation of strong equivalence principle, and , which describes a breaking of both Lorentz invariance in gravitation and conservation of momentum. We found, at 95% confidence, and based on PSR J1713+0747.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".