Risk stratification schemes, anticoagulation use and outcomes: the risk–treatment paradox in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether warfarin use and outcomes differ across CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc risk strata for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). DESIGN: Population-based cohort study using linked administrative databases in Alberta, Canada. SETTING: Inpatient and outpatient. PATIENTS: 42,834 consecutive patients ≥ 20 years of age with newly diagnosed NVAF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebrovascular events and/or mortality in the first year after diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 42,834 NVAF patients, 22.7% were low risk on the CHADS(2) risk score (0), 27.5% were intermediate risk (1), and 49.8% were high risk (≥ 2). The CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc risk score reclassified 16,722 patients such that 7.8% were defined low risk, 13.8% intermediate risk and 78.4% high risk. Of the elderly cohort (≥ 65 years) with definite NVAF visits (at least two encounters 30 days apart, n = 8780), 49% were taking warfarin within 90 days of diagnosis. Warfarin use did not differ across risk strata using either the CHADS(2) (p for trend = 0.85) or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASC (p = 0.35). In multivariable adjusted analyses, warfarin use was associated with substantially lower rates of death or cerebrovascular events for patients with CHADS(2) scores of 1 (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.67) or ≥ 2 (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.71), or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc scores of ≥ 2 (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.68). CONCLUSIONS: In elderly patients with NVAF and elevated CHADS(2) or CHA(2)DS(2)-VASC scores, warfarin users exhibited lower rates of cerebrovascular events and mortality. However, warfarin use did not differ across risk strata, another example of the risk--treatment paradox in cardiovascular disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it