`My Chief Source of Worry': An Assistant Provost Marshal's View of Relations between 2nd Canadian Division and Local Inhabitants on the Western Front, 1915-1917
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The British Expeditionary Force's landing in France in August 1914 brought it into contact with allied civilians. Relations between soldiers and inhabitants during the war's opening months were amicable, as a depiction in the French weekly L'Illustration accurately portrays. Using the detailed war diary of the assistant provost marshal (APM), 2nd Canadian Division, this article shows that relations during the years of trench warfare were fundamentally different from those characterizing the war's opening months. Focusing on the period September 1915-August 1916 (but also including material up until May 1917), when 2nd Division occupied the Kemmel sector in Flanders, the article examines liaison organizations, claims settlement, the consumption and sale of alcohol, perceptions of the Flemish and the administration of military justice. It concludes that the local Flemish, who from the APM's perspective were greedy, sullen and a threat to security, resented the intrusion of a military presence which controlled their mobility, regulated their businesses, damaged their fields and farms and stole from their estami-nets. This mutual incomprehensibility and incompatibility would have mattered much less, however, if officers commanding had fulfilled their role in the administration of British military justice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.059 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".