Effects of External Temperature on Therapeutic Heating with Interstitial Instrumentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Use of interstitial instrumentation for therapeutic heating is often compromised by uncontrollable thermal washout caused by stochastically distributed heat sinks. The heat sinks effects may be mitigated by, among others, control of the external temperature during the heating. For these procedures temporal characterization becomes crucial. We propose transient FEA simulations as a reliable method of modeling the temporal behavior at different external temperatures. Heating curves obtained in measurements of ultrasonic heating in a brain phantom are modeled using the simulations. On achieving good agreement between the simulation and experimental results, we proceeded with the simulation of heating in a complex head model. Heating efficacy is described in terms of extent and volume of thermal dose. The extent and the volume increased by 40 to 100% for the temperatures of 18 to 470C. We found that there is monotonic but nonlinear dependence between the extent and the volume of the thermal dose on external temperature
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".