The Integration of Vegetation in Architecture, Vertical and Horizontal Greened Surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Greening the building envelope is a rapidly developing field in the words of ecology, horticulture and built environment, since it’s an opportunity for combining nature and buildings (linking different functionalities) in order to address environmental issues in dense urban surroundings. A green envelope is a good opportunity for improving the urban environment conditions, since European cities tend to be densely built, becoming the scene of important environmental issues relative to pollution in the atmosphere. Vegetation allows improving the air quality, incrementing biodiversity and reducing urban heat islands thanks to its cooling and refreshing capacity, beside an aesthetical value. The massive integration of vegetation in architecture allows exploiting the surface (both horizontal and vertical) of the buildings to obtain the benefits mentioned above and, consequently, an improvement in environmental quality and inhabitants’ wellbeing. This paper discusses the environmental benefits achievable with the integration of vegetation in built space, the main characteristics of green envelope elements and typologies connected to theirs functional and formal peculiarity, to the contribution on the building envelope performances and to environmental and economical aspects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".