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Record W2168788055 · doi:10.1093/beheco/12.4.501

Begging in the absence of parents by nestling tree swallows

2001· article· en· W2168788055 on OpenAlex
Madeleine Leonard

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueBehavioral Ecology · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicAnimal Behavior and Reproduction
Canadian institutionsDalhousie University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBeggingPasserineBiologyNest (protein structural motif)ZoologyDemographyEcology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Begging by nestling passerine birds has become a model system for studies in animal communication. Although most begging occurs when parents arrive at the nest to feed (here called “primary begging”), it also occurs between feeding visits and immediately after parents leave the nest. Begging in these contexts (here called “secondary begging”) may have relatively little influence on the probability of receiving food, but could increase the overall cost of the signal and thus influence nestling begging strategies. The purpose of our study was to determine how often tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings beg in contexts other than to parents with food and to examine what factors influence the frequency of this begging. Secondary begging ranged from 7% of measured begging responses at day 2 to 30% by day 8 and was more frequent when the interval between parental feeding visits was relatively long and when the time to respond to the arrival of parents with food was short. Increases in both age and intervisit interval were associated with decreases in nestling response times, suggesting that secondary begging may be related to the speed with which nestlings respond to stimuli. We discuss possible functions of secondary begging and raise the possibility that it may, in fact, be an error.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.243
Threshold uncertainty score0.187

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.042
GPT teacher head0.282
Teacher spread0.239 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it