Two-dimensional optical CDMA systems with multi-wavelength pulse modulation and double hard-limiters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we present a two-dimensional (2D) optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) system with multi-wavelength pulse modulation (MWPM) and double optical hard-limiters (DHL). In the proposed system, each user is sending optical pulses spread in both wavelength and time domains and the receiver is equipped with two optical hard-limiters before and after fiber Bragg grating (FBG) decoders to limit the detrimental effect of the multiple-access interference (MAI) and shot noise at the photo-detectors (PD). Under the assumption of random sequence spreading and Poisson model for shot noise, the performance of the proposed system is analyzed. Analytical and simulation results are in good agreement. They indicate that in a 2D-OCDMA system the MWPM is possible for supporting higher data rates, and that the double optical hard-limiters can significantly improve the system performance
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".