Vastus lateralis oxygenation during prolonged cycling in healthy males
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between acute cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation and blood volume changes during prolonged exercise. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean maximum oxygen uptake VO(2max) = 41.6 +/- 2.4 mL/kg/min) performed 60 min submaximal cycling at 50% VO(2max). Oxygen uptake VO(2) was measured by indirect spirometry, cardiac output (CO) was estimated using a Portapre, and right vastus lateralis oxyhemoglobin/ myoglobin (oxyHb/Mb), deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (deoxyHb/Mb), and total hemoglobin/myoglobin (total Hb/Mb) were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). After 40 min of exercise, there was a significant increase in VO(2) due to a significantly higher arteriovenous oxygen difference ((a - v)O(2diff). After 30 min of exercise CO remained unchanged, but there was a significant decrease in stroke volume and a proportionate increase in heart rate, thus indicating the occurrence of cardiovascular drift. During the first few minutes of exercise, there was a decline in oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb, whereas deoxyHb/Mb remained unchanged. Thereafter, oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb increased systematically until the termination of exercise while deoxyHb/Mb declined. After 40 min of exercise, these changes were significantly different from the baseline values. There were no significant correlations between the changes in the NIRS variables and systemic VO(2) or mixed (a - v)O(2)diff during exercise. These results suggest that factors other than localized changes in muscle oxygenation and blood volume account for the increased VO(2) during prolonged submaximal exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".