Caveolae from canine airway smooth muscle contain the necessary components for a role in Ca<sup>2+</sup>handling
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
To explain that bronchial smooth muscle undergoes sustained agonist-induced contractions in a Ca(2+)-free medium, we hypothesized that caveolae in the plasma membrane (PM) contain protected Ca(2+). We isolated caveolae from canine tracheal smooth muscle by detergent treatment of PM-derived microsomes. Detergent-resistant membranes were enriched in caveolin-1, a specific marker for caveolae as well as for L-type Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) binding proteins (calsequestrin and calreticulin) as determined by Western blotting. Also, the PM Ca(2+) pump was present but not connexin 43 (a noncaveolae PM protein), the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) pump, or the type 1 inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate receptor, supporting the idea that SR-derived membranes were not present. Antibodies to caveolin coimmunoprecipitated caveolin with calsequestrin or calreticulin. Thus some of the cellular calsequestrin and calreticulin associated with caveolin on the cytoplasmic face of each caveola. Immunohistochemistry of tracheal smooth muscle crysosections confirmed the localization of caveolin and the PM Ca(2+) pump to the cell periphery, whereas the SR Ca(2+) pump was located deeper in the cell. The presence of L-type Ca(2+) channels, the PM Ca(2+) pump, and the Ca(2+) bindng proteins calsequestrin and calreticulin in caveolin-enriched membranes supports caveola involvement in airway smooth muscle Ca(2+) handling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it