Direct numerical simulations of aggregation of monosized spherical particles in homogeneous isotropic turbulence
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Direct numerical simulations of turbulent solid–liquid suspensions have been performed. The liquid is Newtonian, and the particles are identical spheres. The spheres have a tendency to aggregate since they are attracted to one another as a result of a square‐well potential. The size of the particles is typically larger than the Kolmogorov scale, albeit of the same order of magnitude. In such situations, the particle dynamics (including the aggregation process), and turbulence strongly interact which explains the need for direct simulations. The lattice‐Boltzmann method combined with an immersed boundary method for representing the no‐slip conditions at the spherical solid–liquid interfaces was used. The results show that the aggregate size distributions depend on both the strength of particle–particle interactions and the intensity of the turbulence. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2589–2600, 2012
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it