Rendements d’échelle, progrès technique et croissance de la productivité dans les industries québécoise et ontarienne de transport par camion, 1981-1988
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dans la première partie de l’article, nous mettons à jour les résultats de Gagné et Dionne (1988). Nous montrons que les industries québécoise et ontarienne de transport par camion avaient une structure de coûts durant la période 1981-1988 qui pouvait permettre la libre concurrence à long terme; ce qui justifie la déréglementation de l’industrie. Les résultats indiquent également que les petites entreprises avaient des coûts moyens supérieurs aux grandes entreprises et que les coûts moyens des entreprises de l’Ontario étaient supérieurs à ceux des entreprises du Québec. Dans la deuxième partie de l’article, nous montrons que la croissance de la productivité a été négative pour la période d’analyse au Québec et plutôt nulle en Ontario, une tendance aussi observée aux États-Unis par R.J. Gordon (1991).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".