The Effects of Arceuthobium americanum Infection on Pinus contorta var. latifolia Needles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, a common parasite found in western Canadian forests, causes significant yearly timber loss. The purpose of this work was to determine if dwarf mistletoe infection of lodgepole pine affects the anatomy and morphology of its needles. Needles were collected from infected, highly-broomed trees and from visibly uninfected (control) trees. Differences in the dimensions of the needles and vascular cylinder, fresh weight, number of stomata per unit surface area (density), size of stomata, stomatal area per unit surface area, and number of rows of stomata were quantified. Needles from infected brooms were shorter, thinner, and narrower with larger, more densely packed stomata.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".