Does an Actomyosin Supplement the Axoneme n Mammalian Sperm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Boar sperm fixed in paraformaldehyde, pemeabilized in cold acetone and incubated in the presence of DAPI and Rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin or with fluorescein-conjugated cytochalasin D show brilliant blue staining of the nucleus and brilliant red or green fluorescence respectively in the middle piece and tail regions of the sperm. The results suggest the presence of F-actin in the boar sperm middle piece. Immunocytochemical studies also show the presence of tropomyosin in the middle piece region of boar sperm.Western Blot studies, using lysates of isolated boar sperm middle pieces and tails, indicate prominent sperm-actin bands with similar electrophoretic patterns of rat cardiac and striated muscle. The results strongly suggest that a 41 kDa actin, similar to cardiac or striated muscle actin, is present in sperm middle pieces and corroborates the phalloidin and cytochalasin D localization by fluorescence microscopy.We suggest that the simple sliding filament mechanism of the axoneme may not, by itself, impose the propulsive forces needed to propel large spermatozoa through the viscous prefertilization milieu. We further propose that an actomyosin system associated with the microtubule/dynein complex might play a role in sustained motility of mammalian spermatozoa.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".