Rosa Luxemburg’s ‘Accumulation of Capital’: New Perspectives on Capitalist Development and American Hegemony
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article begins with a cri tique of a variety of Marxist theories on capitalist development and the hegemony of the United States. These theories either see capitalism in stagnation and American hegemony in decline since the 1970s or understand neoliberalism as the American way to permanent hegemony. The former fail to explain accumulation during the era of neoliberalism, the latter can’t explain the current crisis of neoliberal capitalism. As an alternative a Luxemburgian approach is suggested, which proceeds in two steps. One, core concepts of Rosa Luxemburg’s Accumulation of Capital are introduced and the Marxist debate about her work reviewed. This is necessary because of the absence of any tradition of Luxemburgian political economy. Second, from a Luxemburgian perspective post-war capitalism developed in two phases, each of which was possible because class-struggles and international conflicts had opened non-capitalist environments for capitalist penetration. The first phase gave rise to consumer capitalism and neo-colonialism; the second was characterized by accumulation by dispossession that rolled back welfare states in the North and developmental states in the South, while also integrating formerly state-socialist countries, notably China, into the capitalist world-system. Cet article commence par une critique de plusieurs théories Marxistes sur le développement capitaliste et l’hégémonie des Etats-Unis. Soit ces théories constatent un capitalisme en stagnation et une hégémonie américaine en déclin depuis les années soixante-dix, soit elles décrivent le néolibéralisme comme la voie américaine vers l’hégémonie permanente. Celles-ci ne peuvent pas expliquer la crise actuelle du capitalisme néolibéral, tandis que celles-là échouent à expliquer le processus d’accumulation du capital pendant l’ère néolibérale. Comme alternative, l’auteur propose une approche inspirée par Luxemburg, en deux temps. Premièrement, il introduit les concepts clés de l’Accumulation du capital de Rosa Luxemburg et résume les débats Marxistes autour de ses œuvres. Ce temps est nécessaire du fait de l’absence d’une tradition d’économie politique à la suite de Luxemburg. Deuxièmement, dans une perspective issue de Luxemburg, le capitalisme d’après-guerre s’est développé en deux phases, dont chacune était possible parce que les luttes de classes et les conflits internationaux ont ouvert des brèches dans des sociétés non-capitalistes pour la pénétration du capitalisme. La première phase a permis l’émergence du capitalisme consumériste et du néo-colonialisme ; la deuxième se caractérise par l’accumulation par dépossession de l’état-providence dans le Nord et des états en développement dans le Sud, ainsi que par l’intégration des nations auparavant socialistes, notamment la Chine, dans le système-monde capitaliste.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".