Investigating Pragmatic Competence: The Case of Requests in Interchange Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the use of request forms presented in Richard’s Interchange Series, Books I, II, and III, widely used in Iranian foreign language teaching Institutes. For this purpose, Alcon et al.’s (2005) taxonomy of peripheral modification devices used in requests was used to locate the instance of request forms in such texts. Results showed that the series fail to include materials which are needed for meaningful and, at the same time, face saving communication when resort to different kinds of requests is required. A large number of peripheral modification devices are not presented in the texts studied and those which have received some attention are different in terms of frequency of exposure. Also, there is no balance between the presentation of internal and external modifications in the different books studied. The findings of this study have implications for textbook writers, materials developers, language teachers and learners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.065 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".