Realization of optical OFDM using time lenses and its comparison with optical OFDM using FFT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme with Fourier transform in optical domain using time lenses both at the transmitter and at the receiver is analyzed. The comparison of performance between this scheme with the optical OFDM scheme that utilizes fast Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) in electrical domain is made. The nonlinear effects induced by Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) as well as by the fiber are investigated for both schemes. Results show that the coherent OFDM using time lenses has almost the same performance as that using FFT when the electrical driving message signal voltages are low so that MZM operates in the linear region. The nonlinearity of MZM deteriorates the conventional coherent OFDM based on FFT when the power of electrical driving signal increases significantly, but only has negligible impairment on the coherent OFDM using time lenses. Details of the time lens set up are provided and a novel scheme to implement the time lens without requiring the quadratic dependence of the driving voltage is presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".