Some factors governing the severity of switching surges
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The consequences that the ability of a vacuum switching device to interrupt high-frequency currents can have when it is used to interrupt the starting current of a motor are examined. Experimental tests on a system with a 12 Omega surge impedance cable and a 12 Omega surge impedance source showed that a steep-fronted surge with a risetime of 1 PU per 400 ns can be produced at the motor terminals when the switch closes. Measurements also showed that the rate of rise of the voltage is dependent on the surge impedance of the cable. For example, a similar test with a 50 Omega surge impedance cable and a matching source impedance produces a surge with a risetime of 1 PU per 100 ns. If the bus inductance remains unchanged, the rate of rise of the voltage is approximately proportional to the cable surge impedance as theory predicts. To avoid repeated high-frequency-current zeros, either one or the other end of the cable should have a matched termination. However, matching the source end is almost impossible as the number of lines connected to the incoming busbar is a variable. The motor end can be matched using a resistor in series with a surge capacitor of low reactance at high frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it