Antigenic Importance of the Carboxy-Terminal Beta-Strand of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nucleocapsid Protein
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five domains of antigenic importance were previously mapped on the nucleocapsid protein (N) of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and a domain comprised of the 11 C-terminal-most amino acids (residues 112 to 123) was shown to be essential for binding of N-specific conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In the present study, the importance of individual residues within this C-terminal domain for antigenicity was investigated using eight different mutant constructs of N expressed in HeLa cells. Single amino acid substitutions were introduced into the C-terminal domain of the N protein, and the significance of individual amino acids for MAb reactivity was determined by immunoprecipitation. None of the MAbs tested recognized the mutant with a leucine-to-proline substitution at residue 114 (L114P), while V112P, R113P, R113D, I115P, and R116P reduced MAb binding significantly. Conversely, substitution of amino acids at positions 118 (T118S) and 121 (P121A) had little effect on MAb binding. Secondary-structure predictions indicate that amino acids 111 to 117 form a beta-strand. In view of the fact that replacement of beta-strand-forming amino acids with proline elicited the greatest effect on MAb binding, it appears that secondary structure in the C terminus of the N protein is an important determinant of conformational epitope formation. While the crystal structure of the PRRSV N protein remains to be determined, results from these studies broaden our understanding of the secondary structures that make up the PRRSV N protein and shed some light on how they may relate to function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".