Study of holocene landslide deposits by comparison of GPR, refraction seismic and electrical resistivity data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper integrates the results of a geophysical investigation of Holocene landslide events in the Cypress Hills, Canada. Ground penetrating radar (GPR), P-wave refraction seismic and electrical resistivity imaging were used to delineate the boundaries of the landslide masses. GPR provided information about the first meters of the subsurface. The seismic refraction survey complemented the datasets provided by GPR, giving results from greater depths. The electrical resistivity method, in principle the most indicated technique for such clay rich deposits, was used to provide a general structure of the upper 30 meters. Results from two locations provide an overall image of the structure and information about the vertical extent of the landslide. Two different interfaces, that probably mark the top :and the bottom of the landslide, are depicted. In connection with these boundaries, the thickness of the landslide deposits is estimated to increase roughly from 10-15 to more than 20 meters towards the toe of the landslide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".