A 2a-stage memory write scheme for CMOS pulse-width-modulation digital pixel sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new 2-stage memory write scheme for pulse width modulation digital pixel sensors. The proposed scheme utilizes the characteristics of grey-code counter and partitions a single data write operation into two separated operations such that a portion of pixel embedded memory can be moved out of the pixel to significantly increase the fill factor and reduce the silicon area of the pixel while providing a high analog-to-digital resolution. A prototype of 64 times 64 image sensor with 12-bit resolution is implemented in TSMC-0.18 mum 1.8 V CMOS technology and Verilog-XL of Cadence Design Systems. As compared with traditional PWM pixels, the proposed pixel only requires a 5-bit internal memory while providing the same analog-to-digital conversion resolution as those with column-level ADC. Each pixel occupies an area of 9 mum times 9 mumwith a fill factor of 20%. The effectiveness of the proposed DPS is validated with simulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".