Application of Faecal Sterol Ratios in Sediments and Effluents as Source Tracers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An analytical method to determine faecal sterols was developed and applied to the analysis of samples including pig manure, sewage treatment plant sludge and combined sewer overflow effluent. Compounds including coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol), epicoprostanol (5β-cholestan-3α-ol), cholesterol (cholestan-5-en-3β-ol) and dihydrocholesterol (cholestanol, 5α-cholestan-3β-ol) were quantified in these source samples and their relative ratios calculated to investigate their potential application as source tracers. A mean coprostanol:epicoprostanol ratio of 7.6 ± 1.17 was calculated for pig manure samples from three Ontario livestock operations. This ratio was much lower (approximately 1.8) for sewage treatment plant sludge while the ratio for a combined sewer overflow effluent was very high (approximately 70). This approach, with the addition of physical measurements (e.g., current velocities) and meteorological data, may assist in determination of the influence of shore-based activities, including sewage treatment and livestock operations, on aquatic systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it