Centrosome Dysfunction and Senescence: Coincidence or Causality?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Review Centrosome structure and functionAlthough originally discovered and described by Flemming, Van Beneden and Boveri in the late 1800s as a tiny cellular organelle, the centrosome is a remarkably complex structure with diverse functions [1][2][3][4].It is composed of a pair centrioles surrounded by an amorphous cloud of proteins called the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) (Figure 1).Each centriole is made up of nine triplet of stabilized microtubules arranged in a cylindrical manner.The two centrioles are termed the mother and daughter centrioles, and can be distinguished by the presence of sub-distal and distal appendages at the mother centriole.While sub-distal appendages anchor cytoplasmic microtubules, distal appendages are believed to be important for the formation of cilia, cellular antennae possessing motility and/or sensory function [5,6].Centrioles are responsible for organizing the PCM, the major site of microtubule nucleation from which cytoplasmic microtubules emanate and elongate.In addition, there are centriolar satellites, small and granular structures that cluster around the centrosome and participate in microtubule-dependent protein trafficking towards the organelle [7,8].The centrosome coordinates all microtubulerelated functions, including cell division, cell shape, polarity, motility and adhesion.The number of centrosomes within a cell is tightly regulated during the cell cycle (Figure 1).A single centrosome duplicates once in the S phase, and the two centrosomes, once separated, migrate to opposite poles of a cell and establish the bipolar spindle in mitosis.A functional bipolar spindle ensures faithful chromosome segregation, wherein each incipient daughter cell receives one centrosome and a diploid set of chromosomes.Perturbations known to disrupt centrosome structure and function often have deleterious consequences.For instance, abnormal cell division in mitosis can result in genomic instability and aneuploidy which are characteristics of many types of cancer.In other cases, abnormal
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".