Electrochemical Deodorization and Disinfection of Hog Manure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Electrolysis of liquid hog manure under direct current achieved amelioration of odour, in terms of both odour quality and odour intensity, and simultaneously reduced the population of odour‐causing bacteria by two orders of magnitude. A comparison of anode materials indicated that hydroxyl radical‐forming anodes (boron‐doped diamond and Ebonex) were the most effective, but unfortunately these materials are not yet available commercially in large size format. Dimensionally stable anodes composed of Ti/IrO2 were found to be satisfactory; lead‐based anodes leached unacceptable quantities of inorganic lead into the treated manure, and graphite anodes tended to disintegrate on long‐term use. The mechanism of action of the bactericidal effect involves a combination of toxicity by O2 that is released at the anode and hypochlorination due to the chloride ion that is present in manure. The proposed technology was shown to be successful at the 27 L scale in an on‐farm demonstration.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".