Resistance against <i>Pissodes strobi</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in severed leaders and in a water-soluble bark extract of <i>Picea sitchensis</i> (Pinaceae): evidence for a post-ingestive mode of action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The levels of ovarian growth and transcription of the vitellogenin gene were compared in Pissodes strobi Peck (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feeding on severed leaders from susceptible and resistant Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr (Pinaceae) and in weevils given a dose of an aqueous extract from the bark of such leaders. A force-feeding method was developed to deliver the extracts into the alimentary canal of the weevils. Weevils given one dose of the aqueous extract from resistant leaders, followed by feeding on sections of laterals from susceptible trees, exhibited a 60% inhibition of oocyte growth relative to insects given the extract from susceptible leaders. In similar experiments, transcription of the vitellogenin gene of the weevils was inhibited by about 48%. Transcription of the vitellogenin gene was reduced by about 60% in weevils feeding on the severed leaders from the resistant clone relative to those feeding on severed leaders from susceptible trees. Results indicate that these effects of resistance do not require an intact tree. Experiments using extracts show that the observed effects result from a post-ingestive effect of the extract.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".