HIGH BASAL METABOLIC RATES OF SHOREBIRDS WHILE IN THE ARCTIC: A CIRCUMPOLAR VIEW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of Old World long-distance-migrant shorebirds has been found to vary along their migration route. On average, BMR is highest in the Arctic at the start of fall migration, intermediate at temperate latitudes, and lowest on the tropical wintering grounds. As a test of the generality of this pattern, we measured the BMR of one adult and 44 juvenile shorebirds of 10 species (1–18 individuals of each species, body-mass range 19–94 g) during the first part of their southward migration in the Canadian Arctic (68–76°N). The interspecific relationship between BMR and body mass was almost identical to that found for juvenile shorebirds in the Eurasian Arctic (5 species), although only one species appeared in both data sets. We conclude that high BMR of shorebirds in the Arctic is a circumpolar phenomenon. The most likely explanation is that the high BMR reflects physiological adaptations to low ambient temperatures. Whether the BMR of New World shorebirds drops during southward migration remains to be investigated. Altas Tasas Metabólicas Basales de Aves Playeras Mientras Se Encuentran en el Ártico: Una Visión Circumpolar Resumen. Se ha encontrado que la tasa metabólica basal (TMB) de las aves playeras migratorias de larga distancia varía a lo largo de sus rutas de migración en el viejo mundo. En promedio, la TMB es máxima al comienzo de la migración otoñal en el ártico, intermedia en latitudes templadas y mínima en las áreas tropicales de invernada. Para poner a prueba la generalidad de este patrón, medimos la TMB de un individuo adulto y 44 juveniles de diez especies de aves playeras (1–18 individuos de cada especie, rango de peso corporal 19–94 g) durante la primera parte de su migración hacia el sur en el ártico canadiense (68–76°N). La relación interespecífica entre la TMB y el peso corporal fue casi idéntica a la que se había encontrado en juveniles de 5 especies de aves playeras en el ártico de Eurasia, aunque sólo una especie fue considerada en ambos estudios. Concluimos que la alta TMB de las aves playeras en el ártico representa un fenómeno circumpolar. La explicación más probable es que las altas TMBs reflejan adaptaciones fisiológicas a ambientes de bajas temperaturas. Aún no se ha investigado si las TMBs de las aves playeras del nuevo mundo disminuyen durante la migración hacia el sur.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".