Is there a gender difference in the prevalence of Crohnʼs disease or ulcerative colitis?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gender distribution in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is dependent on the disease subtype, Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). In CD there is a greater prevalence of females, while in UC population-based studies have shown no significant differences.1 However, the gender ratios in CD are highly dependent on the age as well as geographic region. Three large studies of CD incidence in North America from the 1990s (Kaiser Permanente Health Maintenance Organization [HMO] in Northern California, and population-based studies in Olmsted County, Minnesota and the Province of Manitoba) consistently demonstrated greater female incidences than males, ranging from a ratio 1.2 to 1.4.1,–3 Similar gender ratios were also observed in population-based Scandinavian studies with a ratios that ranged from 1.1 (Stockholm County, Sweden) to 1.4 (Copenhagen, Denmark).4,–6 More recent data from a study in Northern France reported a female-to-male ratio of 1.2.7 Studies of hospitalized incident cases of CD showed similar patterns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".