Efficient Algorithms for Traffic Grooming in SONET/WDM Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In SONET/WDM optical networks, a wavelength channel is shared by multiple low-rate traffic demands. The multiplexing is known as traffic grooming and carried out by SONET add-drop multiplexers (SADM). A key optimization problem in traffic grooming is to minimize the number of SADMs. This optimization problem is challenging and NP-hard even for unidirectional SONET/WDM rings (UPSR) with symmetric unitary traffic demands. In this paper, we give a linear time heuristic algorithm for this NP-hard problem. Empirical results show that the algorithm outperforms previous algorithms. The algorithm uses the minimum number of wavelengths, which are also precious resources in optical networks. An important subclass of the symmetric unitary traffic pattern is the regular traffic pattern, where each network node appears in exactly r symmetric demands. The regular traffic pattern is a generalization of the well known all-to-all traffic pattern, in which r = n - 1 for a network of n nodes. We prove that the optimization problem remains NP-hard for the regular traffic pattern on the UPSR. We also propose an algorithm for this problem with a better upper bound on the number of used SADMs than previous algorithms. This algorithm always uses the minimum number of wavelengths as well
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".