The role of submerged macrophyte beds in phosphorus and sediment accumulation in Lake Memphremagog, Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationships between long‐term (~115‐year) phosphorus and sediment accumulation and submerged macrophyte biomass were determined both within a submerged macrophyte bed and among beds in Lake Memphremagog, Quebec, Canada. Strong relationships between present submerged macrophyte biomass and littoral‐zone sediment and phosphorus accumulation rates both within and among macrophyte beds yielded simple models for estimating long‐term littoral‐zone accumulation rates. Mean sediment particle size at the depth of maximum submerged macrophyte biomass, estimated from water content, was comparable with the mean particle size in profundal zone of Lake Memphremagog, suggesting that energy environments differ little between vegetated littoral zones and profundal zones. The mean total sediment‐accumulation rate of 1.2 mm yr−1 in the macrophyte beds was indistinguishable from average profundal rates of sediment accumulation in North American lakes. Although dense beds accumulated twice as much bulk sediment per unit area (g m−2 yr−1) compared with their profundal counterparts, phosphorus accumulation per unit bulk sediment in macrophyte beds with a biomass of 1,000 g m−2 (wet weight) was one sixth that measured in profundal sediments, pointing to large postdepositional losses of sedimented phosphorus (>70%) from macrophyte beds. Finally, extrapolation of the present results to five nearby lakes suggests, based on still‐limited data, that, in lakes in which half of the sediment surface is colonized by submerged macrophytes, the littoral zone accounts for roughly one third of whole‐lake phosphorus and two thirds of whole‐lake bulk sediment accumulated annually.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".