Intrapopulation variation in Abutilon theophrasti seed mass and its relationship to seed germinability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The relationship between seed mass variation and germinability in ten Abutilon theophrasti Medic. plants from a single agricultural population was examined under controlled environmental conditions. Seeds were collected in the autumn of 1995 and dry-stored in paper bags at 4°C until the start of trials in the spring of 1998. For each plant, between 549 and 1000 randomly selected seeds were separated into seven mass fractions based on individual seed mass, with classes ranging from <6.0 to >11.0mg. Subjecting the seeds to a cold stratification (4°C) period for 7d followed by a 21-d alternating day/night (25/14°C) temperature and 14-h photoperiod regime, resulted in 75% overall germination, 24% dormancy and 1% non-viable seeds. The majority of the seeds germinated within 7d of being exposed to the alternating temperature/light regimes. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference in mean seed mass between the ten plants, with mean mass ranging from 8.8 to 9.6mg. For nine of the ten plants, the greatest proportion of seeds occurred in the 9.0–9.9mg mass fraction, while the lowest proportion of seeds was generally found within the 6.0–6.9mg mass fraction. Most seeds (96%) having a mass below 6.0mg were non-viable and, of the viable seeds, none germinated. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) relationship between seed mass and total germination, but not rate of germination. Germination peaked for seed mass fractions comprising the greatest proportion of total seeds (8.0–9.9mg) and was lowest for seeds with high or low mass. There was a weak trend of lower germinability for heavier seeds (>10.0mg) compared with lighter seeds. Maternal source had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on total germination and germination rate. Findings from this study suggest that intrapopulation variation in Abutilon theophrasti seed mass and its influence on germinability of seeds may play a significant role in maintaining a variable germination pattern and persistent seed bank in this troublesome annual agricultural weed
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".