Orbital radiation therapy for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: Measuring clinical efficacy and impact
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune condition primarily managed with prolonged courses of glucocorticoids, which can be associated with significant side effects. Orbital radiation therapy (RT) is an alternative treatment that has shown variable efficacy in improving orbital and visual symptoms. In this study, the therapeutic benefit of RT was evaluated in terms of patient's ability to taper their corticosteroid requirements, which may better reflect the proposed mechanism of RT and provide a clinically relevant response endpoint. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a retrospective review of consecutive patients treated with orbital RT for GO between 2000 and 2010 at a single tertiary hospital with a dedicated ocular radiation therapy clinic. The primary measure of treatment response was defined as the ability to taper glucocorticoids following RT without any further exacerbation of orbitopathy symptoms. Additional endpoints including ocular symptoms (diplopia, proptosis, visual acuity, extraocular movement) and need for surgical intervention were reported. RESULTS: Of 86 eligible patients, with a mean follow-up of 9.3 months, 81 (94%) patients responded to RT. Of patients taking corticosteroids at baseline, 91% were able to taper off corticosteroids completely and the remaining patients had decreased their doses by 83%. Diplopia, visual acuity, and extraocular movements improved in 29%, 81%, and 58% of patients, respectively. The median reduction in proptosis was 2.5 mm and 2 mm in the left and right eyes, respectively (range, -18 mm to 23 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Orbital RT is a generally well-tolerated treatment that helps minimize the dose and duration of corticosteroid therapy for patients with GO while improving ocular symptoms, including proptosis and diplopia. Prospective research should consider using corticosteroid requirement as a measure of response to orbital RT for GO.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".