MIGRATION TIMING OF CANADA WARBLERS NEAR THE NORTHERN EDGE OFTHEIR BREEDING RANGE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canada Warblers (Wilsonia canadensis) are one of the last warblers to arrive in breeding areas in northern Alberta and one of the first to depart in autumn resulting in a condensed breeding chronology relative to other locally breeding wood warblers. Males arrived before females during spring migration, while in autumn, adult females departed prior to males. Second-year males arrived later (P = 0.029) than after-second year males. Adult males departed later (P = 0.015) than adult females. Hatch-year birds departed after adult females but prior to adult males. Female Canada Warblers remained in breeding areas for 62 days while males remained 72 days. These data provide the shortest documented breeding site occupancy estimate for any bird that shows a post-nuptial molt. The short time spent in breeding areas may impose energetic constraints that influence breeding, molt, and survival, particularly for females.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".