Strain and temperature dependence of crack populations in columnar-grain ice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been shown that the development of grain-boundary and transgranular crack populations in transverse isotropic columnar-grain ice by a uniaxial compressive stress is a random process. The lognormal distribution function was found to be a good descriptor of the strain dependence of the crack density and of the crack length. It is shown, in the present paper, that the populations are induced in the first 102 strain and within the time range for the anelastic strain. These time and strain limits, and the strain-rate, stress, temperature, and grain-size dependence of the characteristics of the crack populations, indicate a two-stage process involving the development of precursors and the formation of cracks. The increasing probability for the formation of grain-boundary cracks with increasing strain rate is consistent with a time-dependent growth of voids and an increase in the associated stress intensity factors. The increasing probability for the formation of transgranular cracks with decreasing stain rate is consistent with an increasing density of dislocations and grain distortion due to shear. PACS Nos.: 62.20MK, 62.40-x
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".