Laurentia-derived detritus in the Badger Group of central Newfoundland: deposition during closing of the Iapetus Ocean<sup>1</sup>This article is one of a series of papers published in <i>CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale</i> on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.<sup>2</sup>Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20110273.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Dunnage zone of central Newfoundland records the closing of an oceanic tract — the Iapetus Ocean. Within this tract, the Red Indian line separates arc terranes developed close to Laurentia (Notre Dame subzone) from those associated with the peri-Gondwanan terrane Ganderia (Exploits subzone). Sandstones and conglomerates of the Badger Group were deposited on the Exploits subzone, southeast of the Red Indian line, from Late Ordovician (Katian) to early Silurian (Llandovery) time. Two samples were collected from the base and top of the Badger Group for detrital zircon U/Pb dating. The lower sample yielded detrital zircon populations with a large statistical peak at ca. 1.0 Ga, and other features characteristic of derivation from Laurentian sources. Paleozoic zircons with ages from Late Cambrian to Late Ordovician were probably derived from the Notre Dame arc on the margin of Laurentia. The upper sample yielded a comparable age distribution, but with a much smaller proportion of Mesoproterozoic relative to Paleozoic detrital zircon. These results date the earliest arrival of Laurentia-derived detritus on the peri-Gondwanan Exploits subzone crust in the early Katian (ca. 455 Ma). However, the absence, in both samples, of Neoproterozoic grains suggests that there was still a seaway separating the Gander margin from arc terranes accreted to Laurentia until at least the middle Llandovery (ca. 436 Ma).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".