Masonry Wall Materials Prepared by Using Agriculture Waste, Lime, and Burnt Clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low cost building materials prepared with ash of burnt agriculture waste and lime represent an alternative binder/construction system. Pure lime and Portland cement (OPC) are energy intensive to manufacture, and are expensive and scarce in developing countries. However, pozzolanic binders prepared by burning agriculture waste can be used as partial or complete substitutes for pure lime or OPC. These agricultural wastes, such as rice husks, wheat straw, sugar cane bagasse and sugar cane straw are widely available in many developing countries. Some types of clay are also pozzolanic after thermal treatment. The reactivity of the ash depends on its composition and on several factors involved in the burning process such as temperature, time, environment and cooling rate as well as chemical activation. This paper presents research focused on building materials produced by using lime combined with a pozzolanic mixture of thermally treated clay and ash from agricultural wastes. The study assesses the accelerating effect of sodium sulfate in strength development of building materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".