Serum estradiol is associated with lean mass in elderly Swedish men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Association studies in men have shown that androgens are inversely related to fat measures, while the relation between sex steroids and lean mass remains unclear. We, therefore, investigated the associations between serum sex steroid levels and body composition in elderly men with a main focus on lean mass measures. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of a population-based cohort of 3014 elderly men, aged 69-80 years (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study, Sweden). Serum levels of testosterone and estradiol (E(2)) were measured by mass spectrometry, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured by IRMA, and measures of body composition were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Total as well as free serum testosterone associated independently inversely (P<0.001), while total as well as free serum E(2) associated independently directly (P<0.001) with total body fat mass and trunk fat mass. Serum SHBG associated independently inversely with central fat distribution. Serum E(2) and free E(2) but not serum testosterone or free testosterone levels associated positively with lean mass (P<0.01). Elderly men within the lowest quartile of free E(2) had 0.5 kg less lean mass in the legs than subjects within the highest quartile, while the subjects in the different quartiles of free testosterone did not differ in lean mass. CONCLUSIONS: Serum E(2), but not serum testosterone, is directly associated with lean mass in this large study of elderly Swedish men. In addition, serum SHBG is associated with central fat distribution and we confirmed that serum testosterone is inversely associated with fat mass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".