Analysis and Suppression of the Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformer Ferroresonance Phenomenon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed core model for the step-down transformer (SDT) of the coupling capacitor voltage transformer (CCVT) to investigate the CCVT transients and ferroresonance behavior. The core model represents hysteresis symmetric and asymmetric minor loops, remnant flux, and the eddy current effects. Based on the developed model, the impacts of passive and active ferroresonance suppression circuits (PFSC and AFSC) and overvoltage protection devices (OPDs) for fast suppression of the CCVT ferroresonance phenomenon are also studied. This paper also presents a generalized methodology to select the AFSC parameters. The simulation results, in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment, indicate that the hysteresis and eddy current effects of the SDT core significantly influence the CCVT ferroresonance behavior. The study results also show that: 1) in both the presence and the absence of arresters and spark gaps, the AFSC can mitigate the phenomenon faster than the PFSC, i.e., in about two cycles and 2) the output fidelity of the AFSC-based CCVT is less dependent on the burden as compared with that of the PFSC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".